| Models
Evolution selects for structural adaptations which are maximally efficient - tensegrity structures, which combine flexibility, resilience, strength, with minimal energy and material requirements, are optimum solutions to these demands. These models are, in a sense, attempts to reverse engineer evolution. The method was to build from geometry (nature of structure) towards gross vertebrate anatomy (structure of nature). Through many attempts, a complex tensegrity skeleton has been designed which intriguingly reproduce the movements and functions of human anatomy. The following models highlight sections of that tensegrity skeleton. All are flexible, durable and travel well. |
| Single Tensioned Pelvis model #05-STP-3.1 This model illustrate the complex motion generated by the pelvic ring while walking and/or twisting the torso. Tension components can be altered (shortened and lengthened) to demonstrate distortions and dysfunctions in posture and mobility. A change in one tension element affects the balance and symmetry in all three dimensions. 8"(H) X 8"(W) X 4"(D) |
 click to enlarge |
|||||
|
| Double Tensioned Pelvis model #05-DTP-4.1 This model adds a second tension net; a deep layer and a more superficial layer. The deeper tension net is under a higher level of tension than the surface net on the assumption that the deeper layers of ligaments and muscles are 'holding' a greater tensile load that the superficial muscles. Curiously, when a distortion is introduced to the deep layer (increased tension or shortening of one component) the superficial layer immediately above responds by loosening while on the opposite side the reverse is the case and the tension increases. (diagram 6) This suggests that when a distortion occurs the superficial layer takes up a portion of the work the deeper layer was doing, perhaps to it's detriment. Overall a kind of balance or net resultant of forces is maintained even if the figure is obviously distorted. (see the explanation and photos that accompanies the schematic torso) 10"(L) X 4"(W) X 8"(D) |
||||||
|
| Tensegrity Leg/Foot model #05-TLF-4.2 The representation of the leg and foot combines several different tensegrity elements. The pelvic connection is indicated by an expanded octahedral structure. The knee joint is suggested by a modified octahedral tensegrity structure that transfers weight from the femur and torso above through a connecting joint that allows limited flexibility in one axis. An attempt has been made to model the forces transferred from the tibia to the talus and the calcaneus using a four strut rotational tensegrity (this model can demonstrate pronation to some extent). Additional struts are then added to suggest the tarsals and metatarsals. The photos illustrate the essential stability of the structure combined with flexion joints, and medial and lateral arches. The resulting form is stable and self-supporting yet none of the compression elements are in direct weight bearing contact. 24" (H) X 8"(D) |
||||||
|
| Tetrahedral Vertebral Mast model #05-TVM-3.1 Each vertebral body in a spine bears a formal resemblance to a stellated tetrahedron. It is possible to arrange a series of these stellated tetrahedrons as a tensegrity mast, such that the equivalent properties of load bearing combined with flexibility in rotation and bending is demonstrated. 14" (H) X 4"(W) X 4"(D) |
||||||
|
| Spiral Vertebral Mast model #05-SVM-3.1 This mast is composed of seven compression spirals and seven tension spirals. Half spiral clockwise the other half counter clockwise. It suggests the agility of a snake and the strength and flexibility of a giraffe's neck. 18" (H) X 4" (D) |
||||||
|
| Tensegrity Schematic Torso model #05-TST-2.1 A simplified schematic model of the torso made in wood. A useful diagnostic tool that allows simple distortions in symmetry to represent fundamental dysfunctions in human anatomy and suggest possible therapeutic interventions. Click here for a more complete explanation. 12" (H) X 8" (W) X 5"(D) |
||||||
|
|
Torso with Pelvis and Femurs This model puts together the torso with the pelvis and femurs. The QuickTime video illustrates a human range of motion including flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation and walking. This model represents the minimum tensegrity structure necessary to create an anatomical form analogous to a human being. 19"(H) X 9.5"(W) X 5"(D) |
 click to enlarge watch a short video QuickTime (small-1.6Mb) QuickTime (medium 6.8Mb) torso rotating in 3D animation (1.0Mb) |
|||||
|
 |
||||||
|
|
Tensegrity Skeleton Combining all of the elements in the above models the complete tensegrity skeleton demonstrates a surprising similarity to a human skeleton. It can walk, sit, stretch, and contort ; most amazing it will stand self supporting with all of the compression elements floating in the web of tension that is woven around it from top to bottom. This model is difficult to make and difficult to balance, but it clearly demonstrates the principle of biotensegrity in its fullest form to date. 36"(H) X 9"(W) X 5"(D) |
||
| not for sale - for illustration purposes only |
Copyright © Intension Designs 2005
